The first organization to call for Algerian independence was the Star of North Africa (Étoile Nord-Africain, known as Star). The first calls for Algerian autonomy came from upper class Algerians who could afford a Frnech education and who took inspiration from the Arab nationalism of the 1920s and 1930s. In 1909, for instance, Muslims, who made up almost 90 percent of the population but produced 20 percent of Algeria's income, paid 70 percent of direct taxes and 45 percent of the total taxes collected. France used the failure of the blockade as a reason for a conquest of Algiers in 1830, which was not technically completed until the early 1900s.Īlgerian resentment of the French invaders was both widspread and well-founded. On the pretext of an insult to the French consul in Algiers by the dey in 1827, France blockaded Algiers for three years. The French monarch sought to reverse his domestic unpopularity through a successful military campaign. In the period between Napoleon's downfall in 1815 and the revolution of 1830, the restored French monarchy was in crisis, and the dey (the governor of Algiers) was weak politically, economically, and militarily.
However, these évolués (literally "the evolved") lost control of the movement for independence when the concessions they secured from the French government benefitted themselves.
The revolution's philosophical foundations came from the privileged Algerians who were Gallicized by the French education system. The movement for independence came from the Algerians' dissatisfaction with being treated as second-class citizens by the French colonial government. This war was one of the many wars for independence which occurred during the 1950s and 1960s. The Algerian war for independence began in 1954 and ended in 1962 when French President Charles De Gaulle pronounced Algeria an independent country on July 3.
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